HistorySeptember 29, 1941–September 30, 1941
Massacre at Babi Yar
On 29–30 September 1941, German SS and police units murdered 33,771 Jews at the Babi Yar ravine outside Kyiv.
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HistorySeptember 1, 1939
Germany Invades Poland
On this day, September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Britain and France declared war on September 3.
HistoryNovember 5, 1945
Anti-Jewish Riots Break Out in Tripoli, Libya
On this day, November 5, 1945, anti-Jewish riots broke out in Tripoli. Over three days, about 120 Jews were killed in the city and nearby towns.
HistoryApril 19, 1943
Belgian Resistance Stops the Twentieth Convoy
On this day, April 19, 1943, three Belgian resistance fighters stopped a deportation train from Mechelen to Auschwitz, the only such attack on a convoy.
HistoryJanuary 10, 1943
The Kopernik Camp in Mińsk Mazowiecki Is Liquidated
On 10 January 1943, German forces began liquidating the Kopernik labor camp in Mińsk Mazowiecki.
HistoryJune 7, 1942
Jews in Occupied France Must Wear the Yellow Star
On this day, June 7, 1942, a German decree took effect requiring Jews in occupied France, aged six and older, to wear a yellow star marked Juif.
HistoryJanuary 20, 1942
Wannsee Conference
On this day, January 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich chaired a meeting at a villa on the Wannsee in Berlin to coordinate the already-decided mass murder of European Jews.
HistoryDecember 8, 1941–December 9, 1941
German and Latvian Forces Murder Jews at Rumbula
On 8–9 December 1941, German SS and police and Latvian auxiliaries carried out the second mass shooting of Riga Jews at Rumbula.
HistoryApril 30, 1940
Nazis Seal the Łódź Ghetto
On this day, April 30, 1940, German authorities sealed the Łódź ghetto. About 160,000 Jews were already confined there.
HistoryMay 5, 1945
U.S. Troops Liberate Mauthausen
On this day, May 5, 1945, a U.S. Army reconnaissance unit reached Mauthausen. Larger Third Army units arrived in the following days.
HistoryOctober 1941
Himmler Assigns Globocnik the Murder of the General Government’s Jews
In October 1941, Heinrich Himmler assigned Odilo Globocnik to murder the Jews of the General Government, the program later called Operation Reinhard.
HistorySeptember 6, 1941
Nazis Establish the Vilna Ghetto
On this day, September 6, 1941, German authorities forced Vilna’s remaining Jews into two ghettos in the old Jewish quarter.