December 11, 1941
Hitler Declares War on the United States
On this day, December 11, 1941, Germany declared war on the United States, four days after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
Monday, October 5, 2026
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December 8, 1941
Killing Operations Begin at Chełmno
On this day, December 8, 1941, the SS and police murdered the first transport of Jews at Chełmno in gas vans.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
December 8, 1941–December 9, 1941
German and Latvian Forces Murder Jews at Rumbula
On 8–9 December 1941, German SS and police and Latvian auxiliaries carried out the second mass shooting of Riga Jews at Rumbula.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
October 22, 1941–October 26, 1941
A Bombing in Odessa Becomes the Pretext for a Massacre
From 22 to 26 October 1941, after a bomb destroyed Romanian headquarters in Odessa, Romanian forces killed at least 25,000 to 30,000 Jews.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
October 1941
Himmler Assigns Globocnik the Murder of the General Government’s Jews
In October 1941, Heinrich Himmler assigned Odilo Globocnik to murder the Jews of the General Government, the program later called Operation Reinhard.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
September 29, 1941–September 30, 1941
Massacre at Babi Yar
On 29–30 September 1941, German SS and police units murdered 33,771 Jews at the Babi Yar ravine outside Kyiv.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe
September 6, 1941
Nazis Establish the Vilna Ghetto
On this day, September 6, 1941, German authorities forced Vilna’s remaining Jews into two ghettos in the old Jewish quarter.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
26–28 August 1941
Massacre at Kamianets-Podilskyi
On 26–28 August 1941, SS and police units under Friedrich Jeckeln murdered 23,600 Jews near Kamianets-Podilskyi. More than half were deportees from Hungary.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe
August 20, 1941
Drancy Internment Camp Opens
On this day, August 20, 1941, French police interned thousands of Jewish men arrested in Paris at Drancy, opening the camp that later became the main transit point for deportations from France.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe
August 1, 1941
Bialystok Ghetto Is Sealed
On this day, August 1, 1941, German authorities confined about 50,000 Jews in the Bialystok ghetto.
World War II · Holocaust · Antisemitism · Ghettos
Europe
August 1941
Romania Orders Jews to Wear the Yellow Star
In August 1941, Mihai Antonescu ordered Jews in Romania to wear the yellow star. The order was revoked on 9 September 1941.
Holocaust · Antisemitism · World War II
Europe
July 1941
Nazis Establish the Minsk Ghetto
In late July 1941, German authorities established a ghetto in Minsk. About 80,000 Jews, including people from nearby towns, were crowded into the northwestern quarter.
Holocaust · World War II · Antisemitism
Europe