HistoryApril 30, 1940
Nazis Seal the Łódź Ghetto
On this day, April 30, 1940, German authorities sealed the Łódź ghetto. About 160,000 Jews were already confined there.
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Historynight of 31 May–1 June 1962
Israel Hangs Adolf Eichmann
Adolf Eichmann was hanged at Ramla Prison on the night of May 31–June 1, 1962, after President Yitzhak Ben-Zvi refused clemency.
HistoryMay 5, 1945
U.S. Troops Liberate Mauthausen
On this day, May 5, 1945, a U.S. Army reconnaissance unit reached Mauthausen. Larger Third Army units arrived in the following days.
HistoryOctober 1941
Himmler Assigns Globocnik the Murder of the General Government’s Jews
In October 1941, Heinrich Himmler assigned Odilo Globocnik to murder the Jews of the General Government, the program later called Operation Reinhard.
HistorySeptember 6, 1941
Nazis Establish the Vilna Ghetto
On this day, September 6, 1941, German authorities forced Vilna’s remaining Jews into two ghettos in the old Jewish quarter.
HistoryApril 6, 1941
Germany Invades Yugoslavia and Greece
On this day, April 6, 1941, German forces invaded Yugoslavia and Greece. Occupation and the destruction of Jewish communities followed; those later crimes are not dated here as a single day.
HistoryAugust 20, 1938
Vienna Central Office for Jewish Emigration Opens
On this day, August 20, 1938, the Central Office for Jewish Emigration opened in Vienna. It became the model for later forced-emigration and deportation offices.
HistoryJanuary 18, 1945
SS Begins Evacuating Auschwitz
On this day, January 18, 1945, the SS began evacuating prisoners from the Auschwitz camp complex on death marches as Soviet forces approached.
History17–18 January 1945
Soviet Troops Liberate the Budapest Ghetto
On 17–18 January 1945, Soviet troops liberated the Pest ghetto. Tens of thousands of Jews were still inside. Buda fell a month later.
HistoryApril 11, 1944
A Transport from Athens Reaches Auschwitz
On 11 April 1944, Jews deported from Athens on transport no. 20 reached Auschwitz.
HistoryApril 19, 1943
Bermuda Conference on Refugees Opens
On this day, April 19, 1943, British and American delegates opened a closed conference in Bermuda on wartime refugees. It produced no rescue program.
HistoryApril 19, 1943
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Begins
On this day, April 19, 1943, the first night of Passover, Jewish fighters in the Warsaw ghetto opened fire as German forces entered for the final deportation.